Andi Azizah Halid Kelas :Aksel2

Amount Of Touching

     External

      Haptic communication is a form of nonverbal communication and the way by which people and other animals communicate via touching. Touch, or the haptic sense, is extremely important for humans; as well as providing information about surfaces and textures it is a component of nonverbal communication in interpersonal relationships, and vital in conveying physical intimacy. There are six different kinds of "touch".

    A pat on the back, a caress of the arm—these are everyday, incidental gestures that we usually take for granted, thanks to our amazingly dexterous hands.

Brian Jackson

But after years spent immersed in the science of touch, I can tell you that they are far more profound than we usually realize: They are our primary language of compassion, and a primary means for spreading compassion.

In recent years, a wave of studies has documented some incredible emotional and physicalhealth benefits that come from touch. This research is suggesting that touch is truly fundamental to human communication, bonding, and health.

In my own lab, in a study led by my former student Matt Hertenstein (now a professor at DePauw University), we asked whether humans can clearly communicate compassion through touch.

Internal

.      Indonesia, have different cultures in other countries, such as shaking hands, in Indonesia, shaking the older ones, to be more polite kiss the hands of older people

   

 in Indonesia, particularly in Java, sungkeman be one of the

      people of Javanese culture, a child shall sungkeman to her parents in order to be given approval for what he wants done

      by the child.

Kind Of Eye Contact

         External

      Patterns of eye contact are different across cultures. Some Americans feel uncomfortable with the "gaze" that is sometimes associated with Arab or Indian communication patterns. For Americans, this style of eye contact is too intense. Yet too little eye contact may also be viewed negatively, because it may convey a lack of interest, inattention, or even mistrust. The relationship between the lack of eye contact and mistrust  in the American culture is stated directly in the expression "Never trust a person who doesn't look you in the eyes." In contrast, in many other parts of the world (especially in Asian countries), a person's lack of eye contact toward an authority figure signifies respect and deference.

Eye contact is important because insufficient or excessive eye contact can create communication

barriers. In relationships, it serves to show intimacy, attention, and influence. As with facial expressions, there are no specific rules governing eye behavior in the United States, except that is is considered rude to stare, especially at strangers. In parts of the United States, however, such as on the West Coast and in the South, it is quite common to glance at strangers when passing them. For example, it is usual for two strangers walking toward each other to make eye contact, smile, and perhaps even say "Hi," before immediately looking away. This type of contact doesn't mean much; it is simply a way of acknowledging another person's presence. In general, Americans make less eye contact in bus stations, for example, than in more comfortable settings such as a university student center.

      II.            Internal

1.      eye contact in the china, in contrast with the eye contact in Indonesia. Most of Indonesian children when scolded by his mother, definitely turned it 
      down. But the Chinese people, children when scolded turned down, considered rude and did not hear what she said.

        most Indonesian people, feel embarrassed when looking into  the eyes of people he talked to. Because they are not accustomed to it. Eye contact on Indonesian culture, in contrast to the required kingdonm united face to face.

Distance Between People

        I.            External

1.       Unconsciously, we all keep a comfortable distance around us when we interact with other people. This distance has had several names over the years, including "personal space," "interpersonal distance," "comfort zone," and "body bubble." This space between us and another person forms invisible walls that define how comfortable we feel at various distances from other people.

Welina The amount of space changes depending on the nature of the relationship. For example, we are usually more comfortable standing closer to family members than to strangers. Personality also determines the size of the area with which we are comfortable when talking to people. Introverts often prefer to interact with others at a greater distance than do extroverts. Culture styles are important too. A Japanese employer and employee usually stand farther apart while talking than their American counterparts. Latin Americans and Arabs tend to stand closer than Americans do when talking.

Qhila For Americans, the usual distance in social conversation ranges from about an arm's length to four feet. Less space in the American culture may be associated with either greater intimacy or aggressive behavior. The common practice of saying "Excuse me," for the slightest accidental touching of another person reveals how uncomfortable Americans are if people get too close. Thus, a person whose "space" has been intruded upon by another may feel threatened and react defensively. In cultures where close physical contact is acceptable and even desirable, Americans may be perceived as cold and distant.

2.       Zhoovi Culture does not always determine the message of nonverbal communication. The individual's personality, the context, and the relationship also influence its meaning. However, like verbal language, nonverbal language is linked to person's cultural background. People are generally comfortable with others who have "body language" similar to their own. One research study demonstrated that when British graduate students imitated some Arab patterns of nonverbal behavior (making increased eye contact, smiling, and directly facing their Arab partners), the Arabs felt that these students were more likeable and trustworthy than most of the other British students.

Liana When one person's nonverbal language matches that of another, there is increased comfort. In nonverbal communication across cultures there are similarities and differences. Whether we choose to emphasize the former or the latter, the "silent language" is much louder than it first appears.

      II.            Internal

1.       Culture of Indonesia, if the talk should have a considerable distance, especially if they are Moslem, because, they are not mahram. If they are married, it was allowed in, but if they are
     not married, they are not allowed to say too
     near.

Type of facial Expressions

           External

1.      Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For instance, in American culture the smile is typically an expression of pleasure. 
      Yet it also has other functions. A woman's smile  at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. For example many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to 
      be unusual and even suspicious behavior. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places 
      (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment. Vietnamese people may tell the sad story of how they had to leave their country but end the story with a smile.

2.      Chynika Our faces reveal emotions and attitudes, but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The degree of facial expressiveness one exhibits varies among individuals and cultures. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of nonverbal expressiveness permitted. For example, in public and formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as
      freely as Americans do. More privately and with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly. Many teachers in the United States have a difficult time knowing whether their Japanese students understand and enjoy their lessons. The American teacher is looking for more facial responsiveness than what the Japanese student is comfortable with in the classroom situation.

Alisya It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of individual and ethnic differences in the United States. People from certain ethnic backgrounds in the United States tend to more facially expressive than others. The key, is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different. If we judge according to our own cultural norms, we may make the mistake of "reading' the other person incorrectly.

    

      II.            Internal

1.      Usually, a lot of people who harbored anger, he did not want to vent his anger. So, he could have been the stress of 
      thinking about other people's mistakes and want to reply to someone else's fault. Things like this, should be wipe out
      in our lives. And then, this is just a lot of people.

Amount Of Gesturing

         External

      Gestures are specific body movements that
       carry meaning. Hand motions alone can convey many meanings: "Come here," Go away," It's 
     okay," and "That's expensive!" are just a few examples. The gestures for these phrases often differ across cultures. For example, beckoning people to come with the palm up is common in
      the United States. This same gesture in the Philippines, Korea, and parts of Latin America as well as other countries is considered rude. In 
     some countries, only an animal would be beckoned with the palm up.

2.       As children, we imitate and learn to use these nonverbal movements to accompany or replace words. When traveling
     to another country, foreign visitors soon learn that not all gestures are universal. For example, the "O.K." gesture in the American culture is a symbol for money in Japan. This same gesture is obscene in some Latin American countries. (This is why the editors of a Brazilian newspaper enjoyed publishing a picture
     of a former American president giving the "O.K." symbol with
      both hands!). Many American business executives enjoy relaxing with their feet up on their desks. But to show a person from Saudi Arabia or Thailand the sole of one's foot is extremely insulting, because the foot is considered the dirtiest part of the body. Can you imagine the reaction in Thailand when a foreign shoe company distributed an advertisement showing a pair of shoes next to a sacred sculpture of Budda?

   

      II.            Internal

1.       show 1 finger has many meanings, such as, prohibit, enjoin, and others. Indonesian culture that most people.

Source: www.rpi.edu
Name    : Andi Azizah Nur Fadhilah 
No.Reg : 02
Class     : Acceleration 2
School   : Junior High School 06 Makassar